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Vascular stents can be broadly classified into bare-metal stents and drug-eluting stents. Bare-metal stents provide mechanical support to keep arteries open but may allow tissue regrowth that can narrow the vessel again.

Drug-eluting stents release medication over time to inhibit excessive tissue growth. This reduces the risk of restenosis and improves long-term outcomes, particularly in coronary arteries.

However, drug-eluting stents require prolonged use of blood-thinning medications to prevent clot formation. The choice between stent types depends on patient health, vessel location, and bleeding risk.

Both stent types have proven effectiveness when used appropriately and monitored carefully.

Living with a ureteral stent can be uncomfortable but manageable. Most patients notice increased urinary frequency and a persistent urge to urinate. These symptoms result from bladder irritation caused by the stent’s lower coil.

Physical activity may intensify discomfort, especially activities involving bending or lifting. Doctors often recommend light activity and adequate hydration to reduce symptoms.

Pain medications and antispasmodic drugs are commonly prescribed. Drinking plenty of water helps flush the urinary system and reduces irritation.

Patients are advised to monitor for warning signs such as fever, severe pain, or blood clots in urine, which may indicate infection or stent displacement.

Despite temporary discomfort, stents play a vital role in protecting kidney function and preventing serious complications.

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has become an indispensable imaging technique in modern urology. It uses sound waves to create detailed images of the prostate gland and surrounding tissues, allowing physicians to detect abnormalities such as enlargement, inflammation, or tumors. Unlike other imaging methods, TRUS offers real-time visualization, making it especially useful for guiding prostate biopsies with precision.

The procedure is minimally invasive and typically performed in an outpatient setting. A lubricated ultrasound probe is gently inserted into the rectum to capture cross-sectional images. These images help assess prostate size, detect calcifications, and identify suspicious nodules that may indicate cancer. TRUS also assists in evaluating male infertility by analyzing seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.

Advancements in ultrasound technology have made the process more comfortable and efficient. High-frequency transducers now provide clearer resolution, and software enhancements enable better interpretation of results. Moreover, the combination of TRUS with Doppler imaging helps visualize blood flow…

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